4th Pregnancy Feel More Pressure Than the Other Babies

What is Pregnancy?

Pregnancy is period from conception to birth. Subsequently the egg is fertilized past a sperm and then implanted in the lining of the uterus, it develops into the placenta and embryo, and later into a fetus. Pregnancy usually lasts 40 weeks, beginning from the first mean solar day of the woman's last menstrual period, and is divided into three trimesters, each lasting three months.

Game Based Learning

9 minutes: 9 minutes is a compelling game experience that compresses the ix months of pregnancy into nine minutes. Y'all will be presented with a series of life choices (physical, medical, and social) and race against the clock trying to keep female parent-to-be, and baby healthy and happy.

What are the Stages of pregnancy?

Pregnancy is by and large divided into three periods or trimesters, each of about iii month's durations. Obstetricians have defined each trimester equally lasting for 12 weeks, resulting in the boilerplate elapsing of pregnancy is xl week depending upon the women'due south physiology.

Kickoff trimester (from calendar week one- week 12):

The first 12 weeks of pregnancy are considered as the first trimester. The first trimester is calculated equally the first two weeks of pregnancy although the pregnancy does not really exist. These two weeks are the two weeks before conception and include the woman'due south last period.

The third week is the calendar week in which fertilization occurs and the fourth week is the time when implantation takes identify. In the quaternary calendar week, the fecundated egg reaches the uterus and burrows into its wall which provides information technology with the nutrients information technology needs. There are hormonal changes that bear on every organ system in female person body. These changes can trigger symptoms even in the very starting time weeks of pregnancy. These symptoms include:

Morning Sickness
Extreme tiredness
Tender, bloated breasts. Nipples might also stick out.
Longing or distaste for certain foods
Mood swings
Weight gain or loss
Heartburn

2nd trimester (calendar week xiii- week 28):

Nearly women feel more energized in this period and begin to put on weight. Besides the symptoms like morning sickness subside and eventually fade away. The uterus, the muscular organ that holds the developing fetus, tin can aggrandize upward to 20 times its normal size during pregnancy.

Stretch marks on abdomen, breasts, thighs, or buttocks
Darkening of the skin around nipples
Body aches, such as dorsum, abdomen, groin, or thigh pain
Swelling of the ankles, fingers, and face
A line on the skin running from omphalos to pubic hairline
Patches of darker skin, usually over the cheeks, brow, olfactory organ, or upper lip. Patches often match on both sides of the face. This is sometimes called the mask of pregnancy.
Numb or tingling hands, called carpal tunnel syndrome
Itching on the abdomen, palms, and soles of the feet.

Third trimester (calendar week 29- week 40):

Concluding weight proceeds takes place, which is the most weight gain throughout the pregnancy. The fetus grows most rapidly during this stage, gaining upwardly to 28 g per 24-hour interval. The woman's belly transforms in shape as the belly drops due to the fetus turning in a downwardly position ready for nascence.

Shortness of breath
Heartburn
Swelling of the ankles, fingers, and face
Tender breasts, which may leak watery pre-milk chosen colostrum (kuh-LOSS-struhm)
Abdomen button may stick out
Problem sleeping
The baby "dropping", or moving lower in your abdomen
Contractions, which can be a sign of real or imitation labor

Reference:
http://womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/y'all-are-pregnant/stages-of-pregnancy.html

What is Prenatal intendance or Antenatal care?

Prenatal intendance (besides known as antenatal care) refers to the regular medical and nursing care recommended for women during pregnancy. Prenatal intendance is a form of preventative intendance with the aim of providing regular health bank check-ups that allow doctors or midwives to treat and prevent potential health problems throughout the course of the pregnancy while promoting healthy lifestyles that will benefit both mother and child. Prenatal intendance includes:

Monthly visits to doc during the kickoff 2 trimesters (from week ane–28)
Fortnightly visits to doctors from 28th week to 36th week of pregnancy
Weekly visits to the doctor after 36 week (commitment at calendar week 38–40)

Prenatal diagnosis and screening:

Physical examinations generally consist of:

Medical history of pregnant mothers
Blood pressure of significant mothers
Height and weight
Pelvic examination
Doppler fetal middle rate monitoring
Blood and urine tests of mother
Discussion with caregiver

As per regime of Republic of india norms: Every pregnant women makes at least 4 visit for ANC, including the registration or the first visit.

Suggested schedules for antenatal visits:

1st visit: Within 12 weeks or preferably equally soon equally pregnancy is suspected.

2nd visit: Between 14 and 26 weeks

tertiary visit: Between 28 and 34 weeks

4th visit: Between 36 weeks and term.

Ultrasound: Obstetric ultrasounds are well-nigh commonly performed during the second trimester at approximately week xx. Ultrasounds are considered relatively safety and have been used for over 35 years for monitoring pregnancy. Amidst other things, ultrasounds are used to:

Check for multiple fetuses
Appraise possible risks to the mother (e.k., miscarriage, blighted ovum, ectopic pregnancy, or a molar pregnancy condition)
Check for fetal malformation (e.g., club human foot, spina bifida, crack palate, clenched fists)
Make up one's mind if an intrauterine growth retardation condition exists
Notation the development of fetal torso parts (due east.g., heart, encephalon, liver, stomach, skull, other bones)
Check the amniotic fluid and umbilical cord for possible issues
Determine due date (based on measurements and relative developmental progress)

Generally an ultrasound is ordered whenever an aberration is suspected or along a schedule like to the post-obit:

7 weeks — confirm pregnancy, ensure that it's neither molar or ectopic, determine due appointment
thirteen–14 weeks— evaluate the possibility of Downwards Syndrome
eighteen–20 weeks
34 weeks — evaluate size, verify placental position

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/commodity/003778.htm
Guidelines for Dues natal intendance at Birth

Counseling

The woman should be counseled on the bug mentioned beneath:

Help the woman to program and prepare for nascency (birth preparedness/micro birth programme).
This should include deciding on the place of delivery and the presence of an bellboy at the fourth dimension of the delivery.
Advantages of institutional deliveries and risks involved in domicile deliveries.
Advise the woman on where to go if an emergency arises, and how to conform for transportation, coin and blood donors in case of an emergency.
Educate the woman and her family members on signs of labour and danger signs of obstetric complications.
Emphasize the importance of seeking ANC and PNC.
Suggest on nutrition (nutrition) and residue.
Inform the woman about breastfeeding, including exclusive breastfeeding.
Provide information on sex during pregnancy.
Warn against domestic violence (explicate the consequences of violence on a significant woman and her foetus).
Promote family unit planning.

Advantages of institutional deliveries

All meaning women must exist encouraged to opt for an institutional delivery.

Women should be explained why delivery at a health facility is recommended and emphasized as:

Complications can develop at any time during pregnancy, during delivery or in the postnatal period. These complications are not ever predictable. If they are non handled by professionals at the health facility, they can toll the female parent and/or the babe their life.
Since a wellness facility has staff , equipment, supplies and drugs, it can provide the best care. Information technology also has a referral system should the need for referral ascend.

Why is abdominal pain during pregnancy?

Occasional intestinal discomfort is quite common during pregnancy and information technology may be harmless. Astringent or persistent abdominal pain should never be ignored.

If a pregnant women experience abdominal pain or cramping along with spotting, bleeding, fever, chills, vaginal discharge, faintness, discomfort while urinating or if the pain doesn't subside later several minutes of rest, then seek for medical practitioner.

What are the serious issues that can pb to abdominal pain during pregnancy?

Ectopic pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, in general in i of the fallopian tubes. Information technology may crusade some cramping and other symptoms in early on pregnancy.

An ectopic pregnancy tin exist life-threatening if left untreated. Seek medical attention immediately if you have whatsoever of the following symptoms:

Abdominal or pelvic pain or tenderness,
vaginal spotting or bleeding (can exist red or brown, copious or scant, continuous or intermittent), Hurting that gets worse during physical activity or while moving your bowels or coughing
Pain in your shoulder.

Miscarriage

Miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy in the first 20 weeks. Vaginal spotting or haemorrhage is more often than not the first symptom, followed by abdominal hurting a few hours to a few days later on.

The bleeding may be low-cal or heavy. The pain may feel crampy or persistent, balmy or precipitous, and may feel more like low back pain or pelvic pressure.

Premature labor

Premature labor (also known as preterm labor) is the contractions that are started before 37th weeks of pregnancy.

Placental abruption

Placental abruption is a life-threatening status in which your placenta separates from uterus, partially or completely, before babe's birth

In that location's wide variation in symptoms. A placental abruption can sometimes crusade sudden and obvious bleeding, simply in other cases there may non be whatsoever noticeable bleeding at first, or might have just low-cal haemorrhage or spotting.

Urinary tract infections

During pregnancy a women is more susceptible to urinary tract infections of all kinds, including kidney infections.

Symptoms of a float infection may include pain, discomfort, or burning while urinating; pelvic discomfort or lower abdominal pain (frequently only above the pubic bone); a frequent or uncontrollable urge to urinate, even when there's very footling urine in the bladder; and cloudy, foul-smelling, or encarmine urine

Other causes

Many other weather condition tin also cause abdominal pain. Some of the most mutual causes of intestinal pain that your practitioner might consider are a stomach virus, food poisoning, appendicitis, kidney stones, hepatitis, gallbladder disease, pancreatitis, fibroids, and bowel obstruction.

Breastfeeding

Pregnancy is the ideal time to counsel the mother on the benefits of breastfeeding her baby.Though breastfeeding is nearly universal in India, the following cardinal messages need to exist given to the would-exist mother:

The mother should be breastfed ideally and should be initiated immediately after birth, preferably inside one hour, even if the birth has been past caesarean section.

Is doing Physical action, essential during pregnancy?

Fettle goes hand in hand with right kind of eating behaviors to maintain concrete health and well-being during pregnancy. Healthy meaning women should do at to the lowest degree ii hours and thirty minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity a week.

Special benefits of physical activity during pregnancy:

Practice can ease and prevent aches and pains of pregnancy including constipation, varicose veins, backaches, and burnout.
Active women seem to exist better prepared for labor and delivery and recover more than rapidly.
Exercise may lower the gamble of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
Fit women take an easier fourth dimension getting back to a healthy weight afterwards delivery.
Regular exercise may ameliorate sleep during pregnancy.
Staying agile tin can protect your emotional health. Pregnant women who exercise seem to accept better self-esteem and a lower risk of low and anxiety.
Keep these points in mind when choosing a fitness plan:

Avoid activities in which you can go hit in the abdomen like kickboxing, soccer, basketball game, or water ice hockey.
Steer clear of activities in which you can fall like horseback riding, downhill skiing, and gymnastics.

http://womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/yous-are-pregnant/staying-good for you-safety.html

Tips for safe and healthy concrete activity

Follow these tips for rubber and healthy fitness:

During exercises, start slowly, progress gradually, and cool down slowly.
You should be able to talk while exercising. If not, y'all may be overdoing it.
Accept frequent breaks.
Don't exercise on your back after the first trimester. This tin put too much pressure on an important vein and limit blood catamenia to the babe.
Avoid jerky, bouncing, and high-impact movements. Connective tissues stretch much more easily during pregnancy. So these types of movements put you at run a risk of articulation injury.
Exist conscientious non to lose your balance. As your baby grows, your center of gravity shifts making you more than decumbent to falls. For this reason, activities like jogging, using a bicycle, or playing racquet sports might be riskier equally y'all near the 3rd trimester.
Don't do at high altitudes (more than 6,000 feet). It can prevent your baby from getting enough oxygen.
Make sure you drink lots of fluids before, during, and after exercising.
Do not piece of work out in extreme heat or humidity.
If you feel uncomfortable, short of breath, or tired, take a break and take it easier when you exercise again.

Stop exercising and call your dr. as soon as possible if you take whatsoever of the following:

Dizziness
Headache
Chest pain
Calf pain or swelling
Abdominal hurting
Blurred vision
Fluid leaking from the vagina
Vaginal haemorrhage
Less fetal motility
Contractions

http://womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you lot-are-pregnant/staying-good for you-rubber.html

Work out your pelvic floor (Kegel Exercises)

Your pelvic flooring muscles support the rectum, vagina, and urethra in the pelvis. Toning these muscles with Kegel exercises will help you push during delivery and recover from birth. It too will aid control bladder leakage and lower your chance of getting hemorrhoids.

Pelvic muscles are the same ones used to stop the flow of urine. Nonetheless, it can be hard to find the right muscles to squeeze. You lot tin can be sure y'all are exercising the correct muscles if when you squeeze them you stop urinating. Or you tin can put a finger into the vagina and squeeze. If y'all experience pressure level around the finger, you've establish the pelvic floor muscles. Try not to tighten your stomach, legs, or other muscles.

What is kegel exercises?

Tighten the pelvic flooring muscles for a count of 3, and then relax for a count of 3.
Repeat 10 to fifteen times, 3 times a 24-hour interval.
Start Kegel exercises lying downwards. This is the easiest position. When your muscles get stronger, you lot tin practise Kegel exercises sitting or continuing equally you lot similar.

References:

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/kegel-exercises/WO00119
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/commodity/003975.htm

What are risks factors in pregnancy?

Environmental risks

The environs is everything around us wherever nosotros are at home, at piece of work, or outdoors. Although you don't need to worry about every niggling thing you lot exhale in or eat, information technology's smart to avoid exposure to substances that might put your pregnancy or unborn baby's wellness at hazard.

During pregnancy, avert exposure to:

Pb – constitute in some water and paints, mainly in homes built earlier 1978
Mercury – the harmful form is found mainly in big, predatory fish.
Arsenic – loftier levels can be found in some well water
Pesticides – both household products and agricultural pesticides
Solvents – such equally degreasers and paint strippers and thinners
Cigarette smoke

As there is uncertainty in how much exposure tin can atomic number 82 to problems, such as miscarriage or birth defects. The best way is to avoid or limit the exposure as much as possible. Here are some simple, mean solar day-to-day precautions:

Make clean in simply well-ventilated spaces. Open up the windows or turn on a fan.
Check production labels for warnings for pregnant women and follow instructions for safety use.
Do not clean the inside of an oven while significant.
Exit the house if paint is existence used, and don't return until the fumes are gone.

If exposed to chemicals in the workplace, talk to doctor and employer nearly what tin do tolower your exposure. Certain industries, such as dry out cleaning, manufacturing, printing, and agriculture, involve use of toxins that can be harmful.

Quit smoking

Smoking cigarettes is very harmful to health and could also affect the wellness of baby. Not merely does smoking crusade cancer and center disease in people who smoke, smoking during pregnancy increases the take chances of low birth weight. Low birth weight babies are at higher risk of health problems shortly later on birth. Women who smoke during pregnancy are more likely than other women to take a miscarriage and to take a baby born with scissure lip or palate, types of birth defects. Also, mothers who smoke during or after pregnancy put their babies at greater risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Substance abuse

Using alcohol and illegal drugs during pregnancy threatens the health of unborn babe. So does using legal drugs in an inappropriate manner. When to use booze or drugs, the chemicals yous ingest or exhale into your lungs cross the placenta and enter your babe. This tin can put the baby at adventure for such problems as stillbirth, low birth weight, birth defects, behavioral bug, and developmental delays.

Alcohol

If a pregnant female parent drinkable alcohol, so does baby. Pregnant women should non drinkable booze to eliminate the take chances of giving birth to a baby with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). FASD involves a range of harmful effects that can occur when a fetus is exposed to booze. The effects tin can be balmy to astringent. Children built-in with a severe form of FASD can have abnormal facial features, severe learning disabilities, behavioral problems, and other issues.

Exposure to pesticides during pregnancy

When to call the dr.?

When you are pregnant, do not hesitate to call the physician or midwife if something is bothering or worrying you. Sometimes physical changes tin exist signs of a problem.

Call your doctor or midwife as soon as y'all tin can if y'all:

Are haemorrhage or leaking fluid from the vagina
Have sudden or severe swelling in the confront, hands, or fingers
Go severe or long-lasting headaches
Take discomfort, pain, or cramping in the lower abdomen
Accept a fever or chills
Are vomiting or accept persistent nausea
Feel discomfort, pain, or burning with urination
Accept problems seeing or blurred vision
Feel light-headed

Doubtable your baby is moving less than normal subsequently 28 weeks of pregnancy (if yous count less than 10 movements within 2 hours).

Videos Related to Pregnancy

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You tube video link of mSakhi, (where 'Sakhi' means 'a friend' in Hindi): An interactive vernacular audio/video-guided mobile application that provides support to ASHAs in conducting routine activities across the continuum of MNCH care
Obstetric and Neonatal Emergencies
Food for life: What Pregnant Adult female need to swallow?
Welcome birth of girls and boys

External Links/References

gomezhathe1976.blogspot.com

Source: https://www.nhp.gov.in/healthlyliving/pregnancy